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Assemblies with strong names can be installed in a machine-wide repository for assemblies This repository is called the global assembly cache (GAC) The GAC is the preferred location for assemblies that are used by many different applications As an example, all assemblies from the FCL are installed in the GAC The GAC has the term cache in its name because assemblies from the GAC can be loaded faster than strongly named assemblies installed in other locations This is possible because the signature of an assembly in the GAC is verified when the assembly is placed into the GAC Since only administrators have write access to the GAC, the runtime considers this one check to be sufficient The signature is not reverified when the assembly is loaded from the GAC Due to the faster assembly loading, the assembly resolver first tries to find a strongly named assembly in the GAC.

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#!/bin/sh CONFIG_FILE=$HOME/.whererc.$LOGNAME RLOGIN_TITLE="Where..." RLOGIN_FG=red RLOGIN_BG=ivory

The following data dictionary views are very helpful in viewing AWR data: The DBA_HIST_SNAPSHOT view shows all snapshots saved in the AWR. The DBA_HIST_WR_CONTROL view displays the settings to control the AWR. The DBA_HIST_BASELINE view shows all baselines and their beginning and ending snap ID numbers.

Active Session History (ASH)

AWR snapshots are very useful, but Oracle takes the snapshots only every 60 minutes by default. If you are interested in analyzing a performance problem that happened 10 minutes ago, the AWR snapshots aren t of any help to you. However, you do have a way to get that information. Oracle Database 10g now collects the new Active Session History (ASH) statistics (mostly the wait statistics for different events) for all active sessions every second, and stores them in a circular buffer in the SGA. Thus, ASH records very recent session activity (within the past five or ten minutes). The MMNL process (Oracle calls this manageability monitor light, although this process shows up as manageability monitor process 2 when you query the V$BGPROCESS view) performs lightweight manageability tasks, including computing metrics and capturing session history information for the ASH feature under some circumstances. For example, MMNL will flush ASH data to disk if the ASH memory buffer fills up before the one-hour interval that would normally cause the MMON to flush it. ASH analysis provides you with effective performance data, since it focuses strictly on active sessions. You can perform an analysis of the current active sessions by using the V$ACTIVE_ SESSION_HISTORY view and older session history by using the DBA_HIST_ACTIVE_SESSION_ HISTORY view.

Note The extra statistics in Oracle Database 10g described in this chapter won t have a detrimental effect on performance, since the statistics mostly come directly from the SGA via background processes. The ASH feature uses about 2MB of SGA memory per CPU.

if [ -f $HOME/.whererc ] then . $CONFIG_FILE else cat > $CONFIG_FILE <<EOF # These are the environment settings for the where... window # # These are the foreground and background # color settings for systems on production subnets FONT=fixed PROD_FG=yellow3 PROD_BG=black

As you are aware, the V$SESSION view holds all the session data for all current sessions. It contains 72 columns of information, so it s unwieldy when you are trying to analyze session data. That s why ASH samples the V$SESSION view and gets the most critical wait information from it. Oracle provides the new V$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY view, which contains one row for each active session that ASH samples and returns the latest session rows first. The V$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY view is where the database stores a sample of all active session data. In this view, there s a column called SESSION_STATE, which indicates whether a session is active. The SESSION_STATE column can take two values: ON CPU or WAITING. A session is defined as an active session in the following cases: The session state is ON CPU, meaning that it is actively using the CPU to perform a database chore. The session state is WAITING, but the EVENT column indicates that the session isn t waiting for any event in the IDLE class.

Note that the ASH is really a rolling buffer in the SGA; it is an in-memory active session history. Thus, in a busy database, older information is frequently overwritten, since ASH collects data every second from the V$SESSION view.